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| LIFE IN SOLERA | JUNE 2023 | 39 SONS AND DAUGHTERS As you build your family tree, inevitably, you will come to a point in identifying your ancestors where determining who are parents and their sons and daughters becomes more difficult. However, there are some naming schemes that may help you identify who the parents are of sons and daughters. Today we still use the naming schemes where a son may have the same name as the father and he is shown as Junior (Jr.) and his son, if named the same, would be shown as 'the third (III)'. This naming scheme is a carryover from when it was more common to name the first son with the first name of the father or grandfather. A similar naming scheme also existed for daughters where the first-born daughter was given the same first name as the mother. In some of our modern-day societies these naming schemes are still used. However, not as often as back in the centuries before the 1900s. Another type of naming scheme was used by the Scandinavians. They would take the first name of the father and for a son would add 'son' or 'sen' to the father's first name to make the last name of the son. For a daughter again they would take the father's first name and add 'dotter, dottir, or dottar' depending on the country of birth to determine the daughter's last name. So, you may have a brother and sister with two different last names, but the same father and mother. If your ancestors go way back in time, you may run across a surname with a word between it and the first name. For example, you might see (___ verch Jones) or (___ ap Jones). The 'verch' and 'ap' mean the 'daughter of ' and 'son of ' respectively of Jones. There are several other naming schemes for sons and daughters. For example, the Scots originally used 'mac' with a surname to mean the 'son of ', and the same with the Irish use of an 'O'' with a surname to mean the 'son of '. So, if you acquaint yourself with these naming schemes, then you might be able to go back from sons or daughters further on your tree or at the very least these could be clues as to where to look for a possible ancestor. ~ Bill Cramsie ANCESTRY GROUP In May, Mike Ryan gave a riveting lecture on Israel's mountain fortress, Masada. On June 5 Richard Crowe will give the first of a two-part program on the History of America's Public Lands. The History Group meets from 4:30 to 5:30 pm in the Oakmont Rooms. Come and learn new things. Remember, unlike when we were kids in school, there are no tests in Solera. HISTORY GROUP

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